La familia Rothschild es una
dinastía europea de origen judeoalemán, algunos de cuyos integrantes fundaron
bancos e instituciones financieras a finales del siglo XVIII y que acabó
convirtiéndose, a partir del siglo XIX, en uno de los más influyentes linajes
de banqueros y financieros del mundo.
A cinco hermanos de la rama
austríaca de la familia se les otorgaron baronías hereditarias del Imperio de
los Habsburgo por el emperador Francisco I de Austria en 1816. La rama
británica de la familia fue elevada a la nobleza por la reina Victoria.
En 1743, Amschel Moses Bauer,
orfebre de profesión, que completaba sus ingresos ejerciendo de cambista, abrió
una tienda de monedas en el gueto judío de Fráncfort del Meno, en Alemania.
Sobre la puerta de entrada de su casa, cuya planta baja quedaba reservada para
el negocio y el resto para la familia, colgó un cartel en el que se
representaba un águila romana en un escudo rojo. La tienda llegó a ser conocida
como la tienda del «escudo rojo», en alemán Rothschild —Rot (rojo) y Schild (escudo)—;
con el tiempo, esta palabra pasó a convertirse en su patronímico.
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Escudo de armas de la familia
Rothschild |
La patente del primer escudo de armas de los Rothschild se
concedió en 1817, la concesión de armas inglesa fue de 1818 y la Baronía de
Austria se concedió por Decreto Imperial en 1822. El escudo de los Rothschild
ha tenido ligeras variaciones a lo largo del tiempo e incluso tenía cuatro
flechas en sus inicios. Sin embargo, pronto aparecieron las importantes cinco
flechas representadas en el escudo, que representan a los cinco hermanos
Rothschild que fueron dispersados por Europa por su padre Mayer Amschel
Rothschild para hacer crecer los intereses bancarios familiares.
Debajo del escudo aparece
el lema familiar:
Concordia, Integritas, Industria (Armonía, Integridad,
Industria).
Patent for the first Rothschild coat of arms,
1817
Source: https://www.rothschildarchive.org/family/the_rothschild_name_and_arms/the_rothschild_coat_of_arms
The title of nobility granted to the
Rothschilds by Austria permitted the use of the 'von' in the name and stems
from an Order in Council of Francis I of 21 October 1816. The design submitted by the brothers for their
Arms was accompanied by a letter of explanation in Salomon's hand. The proposed
design included:
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Escudo de armas concedido a los barones Rothschild por emperador Francisco I de Austria |
First quarter, an eagle sable surcharged in
dexter by a field gules (referring to the Imperial and Royal Austrian Coat of
Arms); Second quarter, gules, a leopard passant proper (referring to the
English Coat of Arms); Third quarter, a lion rampant (referring to the Hessian
Electoral Coat of Arms); Fourth quarter, azure, an arm bearing five arrows (a
symbol of the unity of the five brothers). In the centre of the coat a shield
gules. Right hand supporter, a greyhound, a symbol of loyalty; left supporter,
a stork, a symbol of piety and content. Crest: a coronet surmounted by the lion
of Hesse.
The Rothschilds asked for separate patents of
nobility for each of the four brothers as they lived in different countries.
The separate patents were granted, but the design was considered too
grand. The response to the application
had a 'suitable' design attached to it, without the coronet, heraldic animals
supporting the shield, or the lion and leopard.
Also, the arm grasped just four arrows.
A letter in the Archive from Amschel to Salomon and Nathan in November
1816 reads, ".....James and Carl received the nobility. It is a pity that Nathan did not want
it."
English grant of arms, 1818
The grant to Nathan and his heirs, and also to
his brothers and their heirs, refers to Nathan's brothers as 'de' Rothschild.
It was accompanied by the following armorial design:
Azure, a lion passant guardant erminois
grasping five arrows the pheons downwards, or, and for the crest on a wreath of
the colours, out of a crown vallery gules a demi lion erminois holding between
the paws five arrows as in the arms.
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Champagne "Barons de Rothschild"_2012 |
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Austrian Barony granted by Imperial Decree,
1822
The design for the arms was modified at this
stage: the seven-pointed coronet was restored, the lion was granted, there were
five arrows, the lion and unicorn as supporters, three helmets and a latin
motto. The lion was an important concession as far as the brothers were
concerned, and they felt that its inclusion in the English Arms was a triumph
which helped in the negotiations with the Austrian Heralds. The Barony was granted to the five brothers
and their heirs and descendants of both sexes. The description of the Arms is
as follows:
Arms: A pointed gold and blue quartered shield with
a red central shield, in the middle of which is a right-facing shield; above
right on a golden shield is a simple black eagle with open jaws, red
outstretched tongue, wings spread, taken from the Arms; above left and below
right in the two blue fields comes out of each edge of the shield a bare arm,
the hands of which hold five white-feathered arrows with the points downwards;
below left on a golden field is an upright natural Lion with open jaws, red
outstretched tongue.
Crest: The shield is surmounted by a baronial crown,
wound round with small pearls and decorated with five large pearls, topped with
three crowns which are surrounded with, on the right, black and gold and on the
left blue and silver covering, on top of noble "tournament-style"
helmets; from the crown positioned above the visor of the helmet in the centre
stands the eagle as described above, the helmets on the right and left are
turned towards one another, from the crown on the right helmet floats a golden
star between two alternately coloured gold and black buffalo horns, from the
crown on the left helmet come three ostrich feathers, viz. two blue and one
silver.
Supporters: In the foreground as supporters are, right,
an upright golden lion with open jaws, red outstretched tongue, and holding the
shield with the forepaws; left a silver unicorn, likewise supporting the arms
with front feet.
Motto: Beneath the shield are written on a flowing
red and white band the Latin words: 'Concordia, Integritas, Industria'
(Harmony, Integrity, Industry).